In Bruce Tuckman's theory, there are four main phases in the formation of a team. Fifth additional phases have been added in a new approach:
1. FORMING: Forming phase is characterized by greater dependence on the leader
2. STORMING: Stormy phase of change and conflict
3. NORMING: The phase of establishing rules and norms and separating from each other
4. PERFORMING: Acting based on cooperation
5. MOURNING: This happens naturally when a team project ends or some members leave.
Development cycles repeat and teams can go back to previous phases for various reasons, be it when activity drops and habits develop, a new member or leader joins the team, new goals, changes in the external environment, relationship conflicts, etc.
Like it or not, many teams do not work because the team consists of people who are unique with their different experiences, values, habits, fears, goals, and work principles.
Patrick Lencioni has outlined 5 different reasons why teams fail.
LACK OF TRUST because you don't dare to open yourself up or admit your mistakes, ask for help yourself, or offer it to others. It is assumed and inferred, not directly asked.
CONFLICT because one's opinion is not expressed, because one does not want to irritate others, one talks behind each other's back in the coffee corner, or there are no constructive arguments at meetings.
LOW COMMITMENT because there is a lack of clarity regarding the team's goals and priorities, deadlines are not met and things are not done or decisions cannot be made, constant doubting or redoing things.
TAKE RESPONSIBILITY is passive, because it puts an excessive burden on the team leader rather than the only source of discipline, mediocrity is encouraged and important decisions and agreements are not adhered to.
AVERAGE PERFORMANCE Because there has been stagnation and inability to grow, achievement-oriented employees have been lost or people are encouraged to focus on their career and personal goals.